Article 19 of the Constitution of India

2Ins. by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, s. 2. 3Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for sub-clause ( a) (with retrospective effect). 4Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) Act, 1968 (53 of 1968), s. 4, for “Madras”. (w.e..f. 14-1-1969).THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part III. —Fundamental Rights. —Art. 31A.)16 (ii) any land held under ryotwari settlement; (iii) any land held or let for purposes of agriculture or for purposes ancillary thereto,including waste land, forest land, land for pastureor sites of buildings and other structures occupiedby cultivators of land, agricultural labourers andvillage artisans;] (b) the expression ''rights'', in relation to an estate, shall include any rights vesting in a proprietor, sub-proprietor, under-proprietor, tenure-holder, 1[raiyat, under-raiyat ] or other intermediary and any rights or privileges in respect of land revenue.] 2[31B. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions contained in article 31A, none of the Acts andRegulations specified in the Ninth Schedule nor any ofthe provisions thereof shall be deemed to be void,or ever to have become void, on the ground that such Act,Regulation or provision is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by, any provisions of this Part, and notwithstanding anyjudgment, decree or order of any court or Tribunal to thecontrary, each of the said Acts and Regulations shall,subject to the power of any competent Legislature torepeal or amend it, continue in force.] 3[31C. Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towardssecuring 4[all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV] shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it isinconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of therights conferred by 5[article 14 or article 19]; 6and no lawValidation ofcertain Acts andRegulations. 1Ins. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, s. 3 (with retrospective effect). 2Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 5. 3Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 3 (w.e.f. 20-4-1972). 4Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 4, for “the principles specified in clause ( b) or clause ( c) of article 39” (w.e.f. 3-1-1977). Section 4 has been declared invalid by the Supreme Court in Minerva Mills Ltd. and others vs. Union of India and others (1980) 2 . S.C.C. 591. 5Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 8, for “article 14,