# Article 19 of the Constitution of India

- Jurisdiction: India (IN)
- Article: 19
- Source document: India Constitution
- Canonical (HTML): https://www.portablelaw.com/provision/57340fbb-c9bb-424b-b907-3104bbd23d2b
- This document: https://www.portablelaw.com/provision/57340fbb-c9bb-424b-b907-3104bbd23d2b/md
- Constitution: https://www.portablelaw.com/countries/f1d2aad2-63f1-43ea-9f4c-f5e6dd1c881e

## Verbatim text

````
2Ins. by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, s. 2.
3Subs. by  s. 2, ibid., for sub-clause ( a) (with retrospective effect).
4Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) Act, 1968 (53 of 1968),  s. 4, for
“Madras”. (w.e..f.  14-1-1969).THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
(Part III. —Fundamental Rights. —Art. 31A.)16
(ii)  any land held under ryotwari settlement;
(iii) any land held or let for purposes of
agriculture or for purposes ancillary thereto,including waste land, forest land, land for pastureor sites of buildings and other structures occupiedby cultivators of land, agricultural labourers andvillage artisans;]
(b) the expression ''rights'', in relation to an estate,
shall include any rights vesting in a proprietor, sub-proprietor, under-proprietor, tenure-holder,
1[raiyat,
under-raiyat ] or other intermediary and any rights or
privileges in respect of land revenue.]
2[31B.  Without prejudice to the generality of the
provisions contained in article 31A, none of the Acts andRegulations specified in the Ninth Schedule nor any ofthe provisions thereof shall be deemed to be void,or ever to have become void, on the ground that such Act,Regulation or provision is inconsistent with, or takes
away or abridges any of the rights conferred by, any
provisions of this Part, and notwithstanding anyjudgment, decree or order of any court or Tribunal to thecontrary, each of the said Acts and Regulations shall,subject to the power of any competent Legislature torepeal or amend it, continue in force.]
3[31C.  Notwithstanding anything contained in article
13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towardssecuring
4[all or any of the principles laid down in Part
IV] shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it isinconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of therights conferred by
5[article 14 or article 19];  6and no lawValidation ofcertain Acts andRegulations.
1Ins. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, s. 3 (with retrospective effect).
2Ins. by  the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 5.
3Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 3 (w.e.f. 20-4-1972).
4Subs. by the Constitution  (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 4, for “the principles
specified in clause ( b) or clause ( c) of article 39” (w.e.f. 3-1-1977). Section 4 has been declared
invalid by the Supreme Court in  Minerva Mills Ltd. and others vs. Union of India and others
(1980) 2 . S.C.C. 591.
5Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978,  s. 8,  for “article 14,
````

## What this means (mechanical reading aid, not legal advice)

- The index files this text under article 19 of the Constitution of India.
- The passage runs to about 395 words.
- **Caveat:** The row’s stored title is a body fragment, not a heading (“or article 31” (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).”), so it is not used as the provision’s title here.
- **Caveat:** The index gives this passage an article number but stores a body fragment where a heading would be, so the number could not be cross-checked against the text. Check it against the official Constitution before relying on it in a citation.
- **Caveat:** No rights vocabulary from our fixed word list appears in this passage, so no plain-language reading is offered for it.

> This is a mechanical reading aid generated from the text above by matching words in it. It is not legal advice, not a lawyer’s interpretation, and not a substitute for the provision itself.

## How to cite this

Constitution of India, article 19, Portable Lawyer, https://www.portablelaw.com/provision/57340fbb-c9bb-424b-b907-3104bbd23d2b (accessed 27 September 2026).

## Related

- [Constitution of India](https://www.portablelaw.com/countries/f1d2aad2-63f1-43ea-9f4c-f5e6dd1c881e)
- [India on Portable Lawyer](https://www.portablelaw.com/countries/f1d2aad2-63f1-43ea-9f4c-f5e6dd1c881e)
- [HTML version of this provision](https://www.portablelaw.com/provision/57340fbb-c9bb-424b-b907-3104bbd23d2b)
- [Machine-readable corpus digest](https://www.portablelaw.com/llms-full.txt)

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Portable Lawyer · Article 19 of the Constitution of India. 2Ins. by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, s. 2. 3Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for sub-clause ( a) (with retrospective effect). 4Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration…